Acknowledgements
Nesta and Arts Council England would like to thank the following people and organisations for their work on the programme:
- The nine participating organisations on the Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator
- The members of the programme advisory group (listed in Appendix 1)
- The Accelerator Network and their associated team and mentors
- Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy
- Steve Taylor for delivery of the pre-accelerator workshop
About Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy
This report has been authored by Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy (TFCC). TFCC are the leading international consultancy for the creative economy. They offer strategy and policy leadership across the creative, cultural and arts sectors. Through research, evaluation, collaboration and advocacy, they are a 'think and do' tank for the creative economy. TFCC offer technical expertise, strategic thinking and the tools to position creativity to the heart of society.
About Arts Council England
Arts Council England champions, develops and invests in artistic and cultural experiences that enrich people's lives. We support a range of activities across the arts, museums and libraries – from theatre to digital art, reading to dance, music to literature, and crafts to collections.
Great art and culture inspires us, brings us together and teaches us about ourselves and the world around us. In short, it makes life better. Between 2015 and 2018, we plan to invest £1.1 billion of public money from government and an estimated £700 million from the National Lottery to help create these experiences for as many people as possible across the country.
www.artscouncil.org.uk
About Nesta
Nesta is a global innovation foundation. We back new ideas to tackle the big challenges of our time.
We use our knowledge, networks, funding and skills - working in partnership with others, including governments, businesses and charities. We are a UK charity but work all over the world, supported by a financial endowment.
To find out more visit www.nesta.org.uk
Foreword
Both Arts Council England and Nesta are committed to exploring ways in which the resilience and enterprise of arts and cultural organisations can be improved. As an expression of this, we jointly introduced the Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator to enable nine of the arts and cultural organisations that developed prototypes through the Digital R&D Fund for the Arts go through an intensive programme of business planning and investment readiness training. This was launched at a time when accelerator models have become mainstream in the business support and investment landscape, with an estimated 163 programmes across the UK. [^1]
We wanted to explore whether this process of short and intense cohort-based venture development could prove as effective in the arts and cultural sector as it has in the tech sector. Could organisations driven primarily by an artistic or cultural mission also exploit their intellectual property in a manner commercial enough to attract investment from beyond conventional grant funders, freeing up their grant capital to be used elsewhere?
Tom Fleming's evaluation report highlights the successes and some shortcomings of this style of intervention. On the one hand the evaluation points to the significant and sustained impact the programme made on individual participants (and indeed some of the organisations) - with a higher degree of confidence and aptitude shown in developing ideas and in understanding the correct financial instruments to support their work. However, in some instances a lack of senior level commitment, the struggle to reconcile commercial goals with organisational objectives or the overall investment readiness of their ventures held organisations back.
The programme raises important issues in terms of the accelerator, or condensed business development, approach for the arts and cultural sector. It highlighted clear barriers to organisations getting to a point where they can receive investment. These might be practical - such as establishing trading subsidiaries, or appropriate compensation models for individuals involved if the venture is successful; or philosophical, ensuring that senior staff and boards are comfortable enough to reconcile this commercial activity with charitable or artistic objectives. Nevertheless, the accelerator format does allow organisations to rapidly test the validity of ventures and propositions - meaning that ideas with potential can be quickly distinguished from non-starters.
We would like to thank all those involved in the programme: the participating arts and cultural organisations; The Accelerator Network and their associate mentors who delivered the activities; Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy; and finally the advisory board that generously gave their time and wisdom to help steer the programme.
Helen Goulden,
Executive Director,
Innovation Lab, Nesta
Francis Runacres,
Executive Director, Enterprise &
Innovation, Arts Council England
Executive summary
The Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator (DACA) programme ran from May to September 2016. It was developed by Arts Council England and Nesta to explore what happens when arts and cultural organisations participate in a dedicated accelerator. It involved nine organisations selected through an application process open to the original 52 participants of the Digital R&D Fund for the Arts a £7 million funding programme supporting collaboration between arts and cultural organisations, technology providers, and academic researchers.
The DACA was one of a number of investment and support projects being tested by Arts Council England, Nesta and other partners at a time when the investment landscape for arts and culture is changing. Broadly speaking, arts and cultural organisations are, with support and guidance, seeking ways to reduce the proportion of the funding they receive from public sources and increase their share of earned income and unrestricted finance from other sources. Some arts and cultural organisations are now exploring opportunities for commercial investment – either as sponsorship, or as equity in products and services deemed capable of generating revenue. Together, these approaches attend to the requirement for arts and cultural organisations to become more resilient but also allow them to have greater freedom. For some this might be via a process of commercialising specific products or services as a route to income which isn't as restricted and time-bound as a grant, loan or even crow-funded activities. Digital technology is viewed as an enabler here - providing opportunities to develop content or applications which can be scaled and distributed to generate revenue.
The DACA was delivered by The Accelerator Network on behalf of Arts Council England and Nesta. It was supported by an advisory group of experts in arts, culture and creative industries investment. The programme was designed to follow a mainstream accelerator process. It involved a set of themed workshops where diagnostic and review processes were undertaken and coaching was delivered on the core elements for effective business development, growth and investment readiness. These sessions were complemented by distance learning - where the arts and cultural organisations undertook 'homework' related to each workshop session, geared toward wider business and organisational development, and where mentoring and ongoing advice was provided. The programme culminated in a pitching session in the City of London where organisations presented their proposition to a specially invited audience of investors.
The DACA was positioned as an explorative exercise and demonstrator project: to test what happens when arts and cultural organisations are put through a classic accelerator process. Its aims and objectives were under constant review and notions of impact changed as the process developed. The model overall was designed to improve the commercial potential and thus investment readiness of participating organisations to the extent that by the end of the programme they would be in a stronger position to pitch to investors with a set of realistic and investable propositions. It was also designed to heighten awareness of and appetite for arts and cultural propositions among investors; build a community of interested investors; and raise the profile of arts and cultural investment opportunities more generally.
The DACA has demonstrated the following positive and qualifying issues around investment readiness and investment in arts and cultural organisations seeking resilience and growth:
Positive issues
- Participants were positive regarding the impact of the DACA on their knowledge of different organisational and business models, types of investment and investment opportunities. It was viewed as a well-run programme which was impactful in delivering improved confidence and introducing new skills and ways of working which have enhanced awareness of investment readiness.
- Some participating individuals used the DACA process to review how content and products are developed, supported and brought to market. For two participating organisations, this included the development of new ventures to increase the likelihood of reaching investment by de-coupling from the complex mission and structure of the organisation.
- Although it required a significant commitment of time and energy, all participants welcomed the opportunity to explore and test commercial business models and language and to push the boundaries of organisational practice. Though at times painful or a 'steep learning curve', the rigour and pace of the DACA was valued.
- The DACA demonstrated that with dedicated and intensive support and guidance, arts and cultural organisations can develop clear product ideas which are at least notionally investable. They can also through an accelerator process gain knowledge on the limits of their commercial ambition or potential and make informed choices regarding their organisational structure and focus going forward. This indicates that an accelerator process in itself can be a valuable approach, with investment raised not the sole outcome to be considered.
Qualifying issues
- None of the participants has achieved new commercial investment, although most are better placed to achieve such investment or know what they need to do if investment is to be secured. It is unclear to what extent this is an outcome of the appropriateness of investors who were brought to the pitch day; a reflection on the extent to which organisations were sufficiently investment ready; or whether there is yet genuine appetite for commercial investment in arts and culture organisations.
- Some of the participants point to a set of structural and cultural barriers to investment readiness which ideally would be overcome in a pre-accelerator process – e.g. building commitment to commercialisation opportunities at board and senior management level, including potential spin-outs as new ventures; incentivising salaried staff to push hard for commercial opportunities; and building a more engaged community of investors throughout the process.
- While all participants feel the DACA has been impactful in terms of raising awareness of what might be involved in commercialising and attracting commercial investment, all question whether the model worked for their specific needs. For example, for some it was at times contrary to the mission and values of the organisation, with growth outcomes overpowering discussions on social outcomes, resilience and a more nuanced approach to diversifying revenue. For others, discussions relating to resilience were viewed as distracting attention from commercial outcomes and thus diluting the offer to investors.
- All of the partners would have favoured a clearer 'exit and next steps' strategy from the DACA - with clear guidance on and more bespoke approaches to investment, board development, and legal issues.
Overall, the DACA has acted as a positive and productive influence on the participating arts and cultural organisations and the individuals involved. All have benefited through the rigour, intensity and profile generated by the programme; each is in a stronger and more confident position; some are nurturing new relationships with funders and / or mentors; and some will most probably generate new types of finance which would not have been otherwise accessible. For some, DACA operated more as a pre-accelerator which primed a team and a product now ready for an accelerator journey. For others, it functioned with the speed and clarity of purpose of an accelerator and demonstrated that arts and cultural organisations can withstand the rigour and discipline of a process designed notionally for 'business'.
However, given that none of the organisations have yet raised additional finance and that some have pivoted back to the normal business within their existing business model, the DACA achieved modest rather than transformational impact. The challenge of organisational change in a context of low levels of investor awareness and appetite for arts and cultural organisations, suggest that sustained commercial investment in arts and culture will require significant strategic development over a sustained period.
In other words, accelerators can be part of the solution to growing and diversifying investment in arts and culture, but they will need to be more appropriately targeted and situated as part of a broader process of increasing management and entrepreneurship skills and capacity, in nurturing investor interest, and in supporting organisational change (e.g. setting up new ventures).
A further consideration here is the value proposition of the DACA. The focus on proportionately reducing public investment is central to Arts Council England's push for 'resilience'. However, commercial investors are not interested in resilience; they seek a significant return on investment. The DACA commenced with slightly mixed messages in terms of whether it was a tool for resilience, innovation, growth, or all of these elements. Arts organisations can all diversify income streams and restructure their business models to allow for greater resilience, but this does not necessarily equate to generating major financial returns. The DACA process enabled organisations to find the most appropriate balance for their future planning, but it did not set out a clear growth proposition to investors - largely because none of the organisations could pivot to the point where it was just about growth.
By grappling with these issues and the questions they raise, the DACA offered a compelling insight into the strategic and operational dilemmas of arts and cultural organisations as they seek to generate viable business models which align a set of pre-existing values with a set of new opportunities. The small sample size of participating arts and cultural organisations and the diversity of this cohort (with a range of art forms, legal and business models, and project starting points represented), mean that it is difficult to establish clear points of relevance for the wider arts and cultural sector. Harder still is articulating what this means for investment in the arts more generally.
Overall, the DACA pointed to the potential for growth and investment for all participating organisations should they wish to pursue a more business and commercially driven approach. As such, it represents an important intervention in the early stages of a new era of arts and cultural investment and, more broadly, of value creation in the arts. It cannot offer a 'replacement mechanism' for public funding; and it won't yet be relevant for arts and cultural organisations which are not in the business of generating products of commercial value. But it can usefully open up and improve the quality of the conversation regarding how arts and cultural organisations diversify their income streams and attract different types of investment.
Note: the evaluation of DACA required exploring a wide range of information, some of which is commercially or organisationally sensitive. This has required the exclusion of some detail.
1. Introduction – Setting the scene
This report provides an independent evaluation of the Arts Council England and Nesta Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator (DACA) programme. [^2] It provides a view of key outcomes and introduces a set of strategic questions for partners and the wider sector to consider. It was written five months after the concluding 'pitch day' event of the 12-week Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator Programme and builds on the interim report written a month after the pitch day. The aim of this final report is to gauge the medium-term outcomes generated by the programme.
The core DACA programme ran from May to September 2016, funded by Arts Council England and Nesta. [^3] It provided a dedicated Accelerator service to nine organisations that had previously participated in the Digital R&D Fund for the Arts a £7 million funding programme [^4] supporting collaboration between arts and cultural organisations, technology providers, and academic researchers. The purpose of the Digital R&D Fund was:
"To enable use of digital technologies in the arts sector to engage audiences with art in new ways and/or to create opportunities for new business models for arts and cultural organisations." [^6]
The DACA was set up as an explorative process. With the support of an external advisory group, the anticipated outcomes of DACA were continually open to review and not rigidly fixed. The approach overall was one of an open learning process which allowed for critical review of how success should be understood. The overarching strategic focus of the DACA was to:
- Create and test the conditions for connecting arts and cultural organisations to the investment community and in doing so secure investment for the commercialisation of products and services.
- Test and build arts and cultural organisations' entrepreneurial capacity within a supportive framework. This includes a focus on how such organisations can more effectively manage the balance between commercial aims and a wider set of embedded aims (e.g. social and of course artistic outcomes) for which the pursuit of surplus has not been a priority for some or is not permitted (e.g. as charities).
- Demonstrate to social and commercial investors that the arts sector offers attractive opportunities for investment and support.
- Develop sustainable links between Arts Council England, Nesta and the private investment community.
- Provide evidence to the sector that R&D/structured innovation can open up opportunities for continuation funding from non-arts sources.
- Demonstrate the continued commitment of Arts Council England and Nesta to support Digital R&D.
The DACA followed a similar model to other accelerators in that it took a cohort of organisations through a rapid and intensive development process geared toward improving investment readiness (see Section 2 for an introduction to the standard accelerator model).
However, it differed from other accelerator models (such as those aimed at technology startup businesses) in that:
“Participants were not ambition-driven tech company founders. They were, in the main, professionals working for arts charities whose mission is to deliver experiences to audiences and visitors week in, week out. Knitting together rapid product and business development with their day-to-day responsibilities called for considerable flexibility in working with colleagues and trustees." [^7]
The nine participating arts and cultural organisations were selected for the DACA by Arts Council England and Nesta from a total of 21 applications received from the 52 arts and cultural organisations that had received funding to lead Digital R&D projects. Fifteen applicants were shortlisted before the final nine were selected. The participating organisations were of different sizes, a range of organisational and governance models, several art-form specialisms, and drawn from different parts of England. They also varied in terms of the types of product or service they wished to develop through the DACA.
Selected organisations were expected to participate in every element of the accelerator programme and to commit to fully exploring its influence on the organisational and business development, including ongoing engagement with staff teams and boards. To reduce the disruption caused by committing a core staff member to an intensive accelerator process, and to cover expenses, organisations were awarded £20,000 for their participation. [^8] The selected organisations and projects were as follows:
Table 1: The Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator cohort
| Examples |
Location |
Cultural/art form specialism |
Legal status |
Arts Council National Portfolio organisation? |
| Abandon Normal Devices (AND) |
Manchester |
Combined arts |
Company limited by guarantee |
Yes |
| Circus Starr |
Cheshire |
Combined arts |
Community interest company |
No |
| Comma Press |
Manchester |
Literature |
Company limited by guarantee |
Yes |
| Firestation Arts Centre |
Berkshire |
Community interest company |
Community interest company |
No |
| METRO-BOULOT-DODO |
Leicestershire |
Theatre |
Company limited by guarantee |
No |
| Ministry of Stories |
London |
Literature |
Company limited by guarantee and registered charity |
Yes |
| Miracle Theatre |
Cornwall |
Theatre |
Company limited by guarantee and registered charity |
Yes |
| National Holocaust Centre and Museum |
Nottinghamshire |
Museum |
Company limited by guarantee and registered charity |
No |
| Orphans of the Storm |
Northamptonshire |
Multi-media creative business |
Company limited by guarantee |
No |
A specialist accelerator provider - The Accelerator Network (TAN) [^9] was selected through a competitive tender process to deliver the programme. TAN has expertise in the delivery of accelerator programmes and a successful record of helping organisations become investment ready. The team for the DACA included specialist arts and cultural advisers and mentors. TAN were expected to adapt their approach to suit the profile and position of the arts and cultural organisations, while retaining the core structure, focus and elements of a tried and tested accelerator curriculum. This focus on applying a standard or 'classic' accelerator model to the arts and cultural sector was a key consideration for DACA funding partners.
An advisory group [^10] of seven sector and investment specialists was set up to input to the development of the DACA and reflect on its deliverables in terms of the knowledge they generated around investment and business support for the arts and cultural sector. They met three times and contributed online and by phone. The remit of the Advisory Group was to:
- Provide advice and input on the programme design of the DACA.
- Provide guidance on the process of pitching projects to investors towards the end of the DACA.
- Facilitate contacts and access to networks to ensure an appropriate range of investors and stakeholders are connected to the project.
- Provide input to the programme evaluator through a phone interview.
- Be available to provide advice to the programme management team on specific queries or issues that might arise.
The DACA was positioned to stimulate arts and cultural organisations to explore in a structured and intensive way in which to develop more commercial activities. It was also positioned to develop and test different types of investors' appetite for arts and cultural products or services developed through an accelerator process.
The DACA was delivered at a time of change for the sector: as the investment landscape changes, with greater opportunities and requirements to diversify income streams beyond subsidy; and as digital technology continues to open new ways to reach audiences and generate revenue both within and outside the arts. Many arts and cultural organisations are actively seeking to build products or services which while not necessarily designed to reduce the amount of investment from public sector sources (such as via Arts Council England or local authorities), are geared toward reducing the proportion of such investment. This is a core commitment of Goal 3 of Arts Council England's Goal in its ten-year strategy Great Art and Culture for Everyone, which focuses on Resilience and Sustainability.
1.1 The evaluation scope and methodology
To form its analysis, the evaluation uses interviews with funders, partners and participating arts and cultural organisations (including project leads and some senior management staff); discussions generated at and by partner review and Advisory Group meetings; [^11] and a review of literature and content such as expressions of interest from arts and cultural organisations, project proposals, and written updates on progress from TAN (including pre- and post-accelerator surveys to help monitor progress and development for participating arts and cultural organisations). The evaluation also involved observation of a pre-accelerator development session and at the DACA pitch day where arts and cultural organisations presented their investment proposition to an invited audience of investors. A short review of existing accelerator models was developed to inform understanding of other approaches.
The evaluation is then based on qualitative tools and active participation in the development process which was ongoing from the inception of the DACA to its completion. This influences the type of evaluation findings presented in this report, not least because partners openly positioned the DACA as a pathfinding experiment for which success would not solely be judged in terms of the delivery of outputs (such as a target for investment attracted), but in terms of the knowledge generated from the process.
The DACA did though have some clear outcomes to be tested as a way of generating knowledge on the utility of accelerator-type models for arts and culture; and on broader issues for arts and cultural organisations as they seek to improve their resilience through generating additional revenue streams from elements of their operations and/or specific projects.
The logic model developed with the funding partners (presented in Figure 1), sets out the core desired outcomes for organisations participating, the wider arts and cultural sector and investors. These outcomes provide the focus of this evaluation as part of a critical journey where the challenges and opportunities of commercialisation, investment and investor readiness in the arts and culture are considered.
Arts and cultural organisations with products/services developed through the Digital R&D programme will become investment ready and secure commercial and/or social investment following an Accelerator programme
Inputs
* Finance from Arts Council England and Nesta
* Delivery partner
* Project partners staff and resources
* Advisory group time
Main activities
* Pre application
* Pre-application support
* Accelerator delivery partner
* Accelerator delivery partner commissioned
* Projects selected
* Nine organisations with products/services developed through Digital R&D funding selected to be part of Accelerator investment readiness support programme.
* Evaluation
* External evaluation throughout the Accelerator and for three months beyond.
Outputs
* Fifteen organisations supported through:
* One pre-application group workshop.
* One-to-one sessions.
* Nine organisations receive business support and help with navigating the investment landscape (tbc):
* Workshops, peer-to-peer learning, one-to-one advice, mentoring on topics, financial and business modelling, marketing and sales strategies and legal issues and IPR.
* Brokered introductions to investors and investment networks.
* Business plans and pitch materials produced by organisations.
* Pitches to different types of investors and/or commercial partners (number).
* Value of successful pitches by types of investment.
* Ongoing reflections/updates.
* Final report presentation.
Outcomes
* Participating organisations
* Organisations are investment ready. Organisations and individual staff have:
* Increased business and pitching skills.
* Increased confidence in taking new products/services to market.
* A better understanding of IP.
* A more entrepreneurial/business focused approach.
* Organisations have secured commercial and/or social investment and/or other types of investment, for example, debt finance, individual donors - HNWI or crowdsourced directly or through commercial partnerships.
* Wider sector, partners and investors
* Greater understanding of the elements required for an effective Accelerator model for developing investment ready arts and cultural organisations.
* Greater understanding of arts and cultural organisation structures required to secure investment for commercialisation of products and services, for example, trading arms.
* Investor community have a better understanding of investment potential of arts and cultural sector and the scalability/adaptability of accelerator model and are:
* Adapting accelerator supply.
* Exploring potential with Arts Council England and other arts/cultural trade bodies.
Data sources
* Secondary: Investment readiness literature, Accelerator programme documents.
* Primary: Interviews, survey, consultation, participation and observation at meetings, workshops and events.
Assumptions
* An intensive accelerator programme is an appropriate approach to enable arts and cultural organisations with products and services developed through the Digital R&D Fund to secure commercial and/or social investment.
* An accelerator model that works with a geographically dispersed portfolio of projects can prove effective in fulfilling the goals expected of it.
* There is a lack of knowledge from investors in both the commercial and social sectors that arts and cultural organisations are introducing investable propositions.
External factors
* Organisation finance/staff changes impacting on ability to fully participate.
* Senior management/arts organisation boards not getting behind the opportunity presented by accelerator and R&D funded innovations.
* The inability to pivot into an organisation that can take on equity fast enough (e.g. start a trading subsidiary).
* General investor landscape and outside economic factors (appetite for risk in new areas/are these projects even 'risky' enough or will they produce enough or return for investors?)
2. The Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator programme
There are different types of accelerator, with a growing marketplace of specialised models such as those which target the technology, environmental, education and social sectors. Typically, accelerators support teams of entrepreneurs with growth potential business propositions to 'start up' investment ready businesses. They differ from traditional business incubators in generally having a number of characteristics in common. A 'classic accelerator' will involve:
- An application process that is open to all, yet highly competitive.
- Provision of pre-seed investment (around £10k to £50k), usually in exchange for equity.
- A focus on small teams rather than individual founders.
- Time-limited support, usually between three to six months, comprising programmed events and intensive mentoring.
- Cohorts or 'classes' of startups rather than individual companies. [^12]
Accelerators vary in their intensity and focus - including those which hot-house activity in the same location and those which are highly specialised. There is no agreed format or model for accelerators and the entry point for businesses may vary. The model and certainly the anticipated outcomes for accelerators are therefore, to an extent, context and sector specific, with different sectors showing varying levels of investment and investor readiness. The starting and finishing points for an accelerator in the technology sector in California will vary to those in the social sector in England. However, all accelerators share a commitment to building sustainable commercial models from the product(s) or service(s) supplied by participating businesses; and these models are viewed as scalable and thus investable by third party investors.
The DACA process followed what might be termed a 'classic' accelerator approach as introduced above. However, it is important to note that Arts Council England and Nesta did not require an equity stake from organisations in advance of the programme, or make co-location a pre-requisite of involvement. The accelerator therefore involved a combination of:
- Themed workshop sessions - where the cohort of nine arts and cultural organisations convened. This is where diagnostic and review processes were undertaken and coaching on the core elements for effective business development, growth and investment readiness was delivered by the core TAN team and external speakers.
- Distance learning and development - where the arts and cultural organisations undertook 'homework' activities related to each workshop session and geared toward wider business and organisational development, and where mentoring and ongoing advice was delivered (e.g. by phone, Skype and face-to-face). Each arts organisation was matched with a mentor. Additional ongoing support and guidance was provided by the TAN team - by phone and email.
Ongoing support from mentors at each session and/or between sessions
The model overall was designed to improve the commercial potential and thus investment readiness of participating organisations to the extent that by the end of the programme they would be in a strong position to pitch to investors with a set of realistic and investable propositions.
TAN delivered the 12-session accelerator programme between 10 May to 14 September 2016, with a break over the summer where distance support was provided before the final session and pitch day. One to three days of further support was provided to the organisations post pitch day. The DACA's main features and modules are summarised below in Figure 2.
| Workshop session |
Content |
Date |
| Session 1 |
Getting started: Elevator pitch and introduction to mentors |
Tues 10 May |
| Session 2 |
Defining the opportunity: Market research and testing |
Mon 16 May |
| Session 3 |
Stand out from the crowd: Brand, online presence, positioning |
Tues 24 May |
| Session 4 |
Build your profile: Marketing and promotion |
Thurs 2 June |
| Session 5 |
Proving the concept: Sales and CRM |
Thurs 9 June |
| Session 6 |
Mid-point review presentations then product/service development |
Wed 15 June |
| Session 7 |
Building your team: People and resources |
Tues 21 June |
| Session 8 |
Business finance: Modeling, forecasting, accounting and tax |
Tues 28 June |
| Session 9 |
Protection and protocol: Business structure and governance |
Tues 5 July |
| Session 10 |
Raising finance to scale: Investment readiness |
Tues 12 July |
|
Seven week summer break with phone and email support from TAN team |
|
| Session 11 |
Pitch practice |
14 Sept |
| Session 12 |
Pitch day |
15 Sept |
2.1 The accelerator projects
The nine DACA projects are presented in brief below. Their starting point upon application to the DACA is described, followed by an overview of whether and how they pivoted toward different investment propositions for their final investment pitch and finally their focus on the proposition five months post-pitch and overall outcomes of the accelerator programme for the organisation. Participating organisations and their initial projects were selected by Arts Council England and Nesta because they demonstrated potential to be successfully developed via an accelerator process with a good chance of attracting investment as a direct outcome. Some consideration was also given to the types of product or service being developed - art form, governance model, and geographic location so the DACA could be viewed in terms of its adaptiveness to different types of proposition. However, selection here did not seek representativeness of different types of arts and cultural organisation, product or service. In addition, it sought commitment, but did not involve a detailed assessment of the level of ownership and support for the DACA project across each organisation - e.g. with senior management and boards.
Table 2 below describes in brief the nine DACA projects.
Note: Descriptions of the organisations and their projects are based on content provided by the organisations.
| Organisation and proposed project at start | Project development and pitch | One month after pitch | Five months after pitch |
| :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 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Acknowledgements
Nesta and Arts Council England would like to thank the following people and organisations for their work on the programme:
- The nine participating organisations on the Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator
- The members of the programme advisory group (listed in Appendix 1)
- The Accelerator Network and their associated team and mentors
- Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy
- Steve Taylor for delivery of the pre-accelerator workshop
About Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy
This report has been authored by Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy (TFCC). TFCC are the leading international consultancy for the creative economy. They offer strategy and policy leadership across the creative, cultural and arts sectors. Through research, evaluation, collaboration and advocacy, they are a 'think and do' tank for the creative economy. TFCC offer technical expertise, strategic thinking and the tools to position creativity to the heart of society.
About Arts Council England
Arts Council England champions, develops and invests in artistic and cultural experiences that enrich people's lives. We support a range of activities across the arts, museums and libraries – from theatre to digital art, reading to dance, music to literature, and crafts to collections.
Great art and culture inspires us, brings us together and teaches us about ourselves and the world around us. In short, it makes life better. Between 2015 and 2018, we plan to invest £1.1 billion of public money from government and an estimated £700 million from the National Lottery to help create these experiences for as many people as possible across the country.
www.artscouncil.org.uk
About Nesta
Nesta is a global innovation foundation. We back new ideas to tackle the big challenges of our time.
We use our knowledge, networks, funding and skills - working in partnership with others, including governments, businesses and charities. We are a UK charity but work all over the world, supported by a financial endowment.
To find out more visit www.nesta.org.uk
Foreword
Both Arts Council England and Nesta are committed to exploring ways in which the resilience and enterprise of arts and cultural organisations can be improved. As an expression of this, we jointly introduced the Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator to enable nine of the arts and cultural organisations that developed prototypes through the Digital R&D Fund for the Arts go through an intensive programme of business planning and investment readiness training. This was launched at a time when accelerator models have become mainstream in the business support and investment landscape, with an estimated 163 programmes across the UK. [^1]
We wanted to explore whether this process of short and intense cohort-based venture development could prove as effective in the arts and cultural sector as it has in the tech sector. Could organisations driven primarily by an artistic or cultural mission also exploit their intellectual property in a manner commercial enough to attract investment from beyond conventional grant funders, freeing up their grant capital to be used elsewhere?
Tom Fleming's evaluation report highlights the successes and some shortcomings of this style of intervention. On the one hand the evaluation points to the significant and sustained impact the programme made on individual participants (and indeed some of the organisations) - with a higher degree of confidence and aptitude shown in developing ideas and in understanding the correct financial instruments to support their work. However, in some instances a lack of senior level commitment, the struggle to reconcile commercial goals with organisational objectives or the overall investment readiness of their ventures held organisations back.
The programme raises important issues in terms of the accelerator, or condensed business development, approach for the arts and cultural sector. It highlighted clear barriers to organisations getting to a point where they can receive investment. These might be practical - such as establishing trading subsidiaries, or appropriate compensation models for individuals involved if the venture is successful; or philosophical, ensuring that senior staff and boards are comfortable enough to reconcile this commercial activity with charitable or artistic objectives. Nevertheless, the accelerator format does allow organisations to rapidly test the validity of ventures and propositions - meaning that ideas with potential can be quickly distinguished from non-starters.
We would like to thank all those involved in the programme: the participating arts and cultural organisations; The Accelerator Network and their associate mentors who delivered the activities; Tom Fleming Creative Consultancy; and finally the advisory board that generously gave their time and wisdom to help steer the programme.
Helen Goulden,
Executive Director,
Innovation Lab, Nesta
Francis Runacres,
Executive Director, Enterprise &
Innovation, Arts Council England
Executive summary
The Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator (DACA) programme ran from May to September 2016. It was developed by Arts Council England and Nesta to explore what happens when arts and cultural organisations participate in a dedicated accelerator. It involved nine organisations selected through an application process open to the original 52 participants of the Digital R&D Fund for the Arts a £7 million funding programme supporting collaboration between arts and cultural organisations, technology providers, and academic researchers.
The DACA was one of a number of investment and support projects being tested by Arts Council England, Nesta and other partners at a time when the investment landscape for arts and culture is changing. Broadly speaking, arts and cultural organisations are, with support and guidance, seeking ways to reduce the proportion of the funding they receive from public sources and increase their share of earned income and unrestricted finance from other sources. Some arts and cultural organisations are now exploring opportunities for commercial investment – either as sponsorship, or as equity in products and services deemed capable of generating revenue. Together, these approaches attend to the requirement for arts and cultural organisations to become more resilient but also allow them to have greater freedom. For some this might be via a process of commercialising specific products or services as a route to income which isn't as restricted and time-bound as a grant, loan or even crow-funded activities. Digital technology is viewed as an enabler here - providing opportunities to develop content or applications which can be scaled and distributed to generate revenue.
The DACA was delivered by The Accelerator Network on behalf of Arts Council England and Nesta. It was supported by an advisory group of experts in arts, culture and creative industries investment. The programme was designed to follow a mainstream accelerator process. It involved a set of themed workshops where diagnostic and review processes were undertaken and coaching was delivered on the core elements for effective business development, growth and investment readiness. These sessions were complemented by distance learning - where the arts and cultural organisations undertook 'homework' related to each workshop session, geared toward wider business and organisational development, and where mentoring and ongoing advice was provided. The programme culminated in a pitching session in the City of London where organisations presented their proposition to a specially invited audience of investors.
The DACA was positioned as an explorative exercise and demonstrator project: to test what happens when arts and cultural organisations are put through a classic accelerator process. Its aims and objectives were under constant review and notions of impact changed as the process developed. The model overall was designed to improve the commercial potential and thus investment readiness of participating organisations to the extent that by the end of the programme they would be in a stronger position to pitch to investors with a set of realistic and investable propositions. It was also designed to heighten awareness of and appetite for arts and cultural propositions among investors; build a community of interested investors; and raise the profile of arts and cultural investment opportunities more generally.
The DACA has demonstrated the following positive and qualifying issues around investment readiness and investment in arts and cultural organisations seeking resilience and growth:
Positive issues
- Participants were positive regarding the impact of the DACA on their knowledge of different organisational and business models, types of investment and investment opportunities. It was viewed as a well-run programme which was impactful in delivering improved confidence and introducing new skills and ways of working which have enhanced awareness of investment readiness.
- Some participating individuals used the DACA process to review how content and products are developed, supported and brought to market. For two participating organisations, this included the development of new ventures to increase the likelihood of reaching investment by de-coupling from the complex mission and structure of the organisation.
- Although it required a significant commitment of time and energy, all participants welcomed the opportunity to explore and test commercial business models and language and to push the boundaries of organisational practice. Though at times painful or a 'steep learning curve', the rigour and pace of the DACA was valued.
- The DACA demonstrated that with dedicated and intensive support and guidance, arts and cultural organisations can develop clear product ideas which are at least notionally investable. They can also through an accelerator process gain knowledge on the limits of their commercial ambition or potential and make informed choices regarding their organisational structure and focus going forward. This indicates that an accelerator process in itself can be a valuable approach, with investment raised not the sole outcome to be considered.
Qualifying issues
- None of the participants has achieved new commercial investment, although most are better placed to achieve such investment or know what they need to do if investment is to be secured. It is unclear to what extent this is an outcome of the appropriateness of investors who were brought to the pitch day; a reflection on the extent to which organisations were sufficiently investment ready; or whether there is yet genuine appetite for commercial investment in arts and culture organisations.
- Some of the participants point to a set of structural and cultural barriers to investment readiness which ideally would be overcome in a pre-accelerator process – e.g. building commitment to commercialisation opportunities at board and senior management level, including potential spin-outs as new ventures; incentivising salaried staff to push hard for commercial opportunities; and building a more engaged community of investors throughout the process.
- While all participants feel the DACA has been impactful in terms of raising awareness of what might be involved in commercialising and attracting commercial investment, all question whether the model worked for their specific needs. For example, for some it was at times contrary to the mission and values of the organisation, with growth outcomes overpowering discussions on social outcomes, resilience and a more nuanced approach to diversifying revenue. For others, discussions relating to resilience were viewed as distracting attention from commercial outcomes and thus diluting the offer to investors.
- All of the partners would have favoured a clearer 'exit and next steps' strategy from the DACA - with clear guidance on and more bespoke approaches to investment, board development, and legal issues.
Overall, the DACA has acted as a positive and productive influence on the participating arts and cultural organisations and the individuals involved. All have benefited through the rigour, intensity and profile generated by the programme; each is in a stronger and more confident position; some are nurturing new relationships with funders and / or mentors; and some will most probably generate new types of finance which would not have been otherwise accessible. For some, DACA operated more as a pre-accelerator which primed a team and a product now ready for an accelerator journey. For others, it functioned with the speed and clarity of purpose of an accelerator and demonstrated that arts and cultural organisations can withstand the rigour and discipline of a process designed notionally for 'business'.
However, given that none of the organisations have yet raised additional finance and that some have pivoted back to the normal business within their existing business model, the DACA achieved modest rather than transformational impact. The challenge of organisational change in a context of low levels of investor awareness and appetite for arts and cultural organisations, suggest that sustained commercial investment in arts and culture will require significant strategic development over a sustained period.
In other words, accelerators can be part of the solution to growing and diversifying investment in arts and culture, but they will need to be more appropriately targeted and situated as part of a broader process of increasing management and entrepreneurship skills and capacity, in nurturing investor interest, and in supporting organisational change (e.g. setting up new ventures).
A further consideration here is the value proposition of the DACA. The focus on proportionately reducing public investment is central to Arts Council England's push for 'resilience'. However, commercial investors are not interested in resilience; they seek a significant return on investment. The DACA commenced with slightly mixed messages in terms of whether it was a tool for resilience, innovation, growth, or all of these elements. Arts organisations can all diversify income streams and restructure their business models to allow for greater resilience, but this does not necessarily equate to generating major financial returns. The DACA process enabled organisations to find the most appropriate balance for their future planning, but it did not set out a clear growth proposition to investors - largely because none of the organisations could pivot to the point where it was just about growth.
By grappling with these issues and the questions they raise, the DACA offered a compelling insight into the strategic and operational dilemmas of arts and cultural organisations as they seek to generate viable business models which align a set of pre-existing values with a set of new opportunities. The small sample size of participating arts and cultural organisations and the diversity of this cohort (with a range of art forms, legal and business models, and project starting points represented), mean that it is difficult to establish clear points of relevance for the wider arts and cultural sector. Harder still is articulating what this means for investment in the arts more generally.
Overall, the DACA pointed to the potential for growth and investment for all participating organisations should they wish to pursue a more business and commercially driven approach. As such, it represents an important intervention in the early stages of a new era of arts and cultural investment and, more broadly, of value creation in the arts. It cannot offer a 'replacement mechanism' for public funding; and it won't yet be relevant for arts and cultural organisations which are not in the business of generating products of commercial value. But it can usefully open up and improve the quality of the conversation regarding how arts and cultural organisations diversify their income streams and attract different types of investment.
Note: the evaluation of DACA required exploring a wide range of information, some of which is commercially or organisationally sensitive. This has required the exclusion of some detail.
1. Introduction – Setting the scene
This report provides an independent evaluation of the Arts Council England and Nesta Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator (DACA) programme. [^2] It provides a view of key outcomes and introduces a set of strategic questions for partners and the wider sector to consider. It was written five months after the concluding 'pitch day' event of the 12-week Digital Arts and Culture Accelerator Programme and builds on the interim report written a month after the pitch day. The aim of this final report is to gauge the medium-term outcomes generated by the programme.
The core DACA programme ran from May to September 2016, funded by Arts Council England and Nesta. [^3] It provided a dedicated Accelerator service to nine organisations that had previously participated in the Digital R&D Fund for the Arts a £7 million funding programme [^4] supporting collaboration between arts and cultural organisations, technology providers, and academic researchers. The purpose of the Digital R&D Fund was:
"To enable use of digital technologies in the arts sector to engage audiences with art in new ways and/or to create opportunities for new business models for arts and cultural organisations." [^6]
The DACA was set up as an explorative process. With the support of an external advisory group, the anticipated outcomes of DACA were continually open to review and not rigidly fixed. The approach overall was one of an open learning process which allowed for critical review of how success should be understood. The overarching strategic focus of the DACA was to:
- Create and test the conditions for connecting arts and cultural organisations to the investment community and in doing so secure investment for the commercialisation of products and services.
- Test and build arts and cultural organisations' entrepreneurial capacity within a supportive framework. This includes a focus on how such organisations can more effectively manage the balance between commercial aims and a wider set of embedded aims (e.g. social and of course artistic outcomes) for which the pursuit of surplus has not been a priority for some or is not permitted (e.g. as charities).
- Demonstrate to social and commercial investors that the arts sector offers attractive opportunities for investment and support.
- Develop sustainable links between Arts Council England, Nesta and the private investment community.
- Provide evidence to the sector that R&D/structured innovation can open up opportunities for continuation funding from non-arts sources.
- Demonstrate the continued commitment of Arts Council England and Nesta to support Digital R&D.
The DACA followed a similar model to other accelerators in that it took a cohort of organisations through a rapid and intensive development process geared toward improving investment readiness (see Section 2 for an introduction to the standard accelerator model).
However, it differed from other accelerator models (such as those aimed at technology startup businesses) in that:
“Participants were not ambition-driven tech company founders. They were, in the main, professionals working for arts charities whose mission is to deliver experiences to audiences and visitors week in, week out. Knitting together rapid product and business development with their day-to-day responsibilities called for considerable flexibility in working with colleagues and trustees." [^7]
The nine participating arts and cultural organisations were selected for the DACA by Arts Council England and Nesta from a total of 21 applications received from the 52 arts and cultural organisations that had received funding to lead Digital R&D projects. Fifteen applicants were shortlisted before the final nine were selected. The participating organisations were of different sizes, a range of organisational and governance models, several art-form specialisms, and drawn from different parts of England. They also varied in terms of the types of product or service they wished to develop through the DACA.
Selected organisations were expected to participate in every element of the accelerator programme and to commit to fully exploring its influence on the organisational and business development, including ongoing engagement with staff teams and boards. To reduce the disruption caused by committing a core staff member to an intensive accelerator process, and to cover expenses, organisations were awarded £20,000 for their participation. [^8] The selected organisations and projects were as follows:
| Examples |
Location |
Cultural/art form specialism |
Legal status |
Arts Council National Portfolio organisation? |
| Abandon Normal Devices (AND) |
Manchester |
Combined arts |
Company limited by guarantee |
Yes |
| Circus Starr |
Cheshire |
Combined arts |
Community interest company |
No |
| Comma Press |
Manchester |
Literature |
Company limited by guarantee |
Yes |
| Firestation Arts Centre |
Berkshire |
Community interest company |
Community interest company |
No |
| METRO-BOULOT-DODO |
Leicestershire |
Theatre |
Company limited by guarantee |
No |
| Ministry of Stories |
London |
Literature |
Company limited by guarantee and registered charity |
Yes |
| Miracle Theatre |
Cornwall |
Theatre |
Company limited by guarantee and registered charity |
Yes |
| National Holocaust Centre and Museum |
Nottinghamshire |
Museum |
Company limited by guarantee and registered charity |
No |
| Orphans of the Storm |
Northamptonshire |
Multi-media creative business |
Company limited by guarantee |
No |
A specialist accelerator provider - The Accelerator Network (TAN) [^9] was selected through a competitive tender process to deliver the programme. TAN has expertise in the delivery of accelerator programmes and a successful record of helping organisations become investment ready. The team for the DACA included specialist arts and cultural advisers and mentors. TAN were expected to adapt their approach to suit the profile and position of the arts and cultural organisations, while retaining the core structure, focus and elements of a tried and tested accelerator curriculum. This focus on applying a standard or 'classic' accelerator model to the arts and cultural sector was a key consideration for DACA funding partners.
An advisory group [^10] of seven sector and investment specialists was set up to input to the development of the DACA and reflect on its deliverables in terms of the knowledge they generated around investment and business support for the arts and cultural sector. They met three times and contributed online and by phone. The remit of the Advisory Group was to:
- Provide advice and input on the programme design of the
