Systems of innovation
Systems of innovation
Approach for understanding innovations occurring in an economy that has emerged in the 1980s and that was mainly developed by Freeman (1987), Lundvall (1992) and Nelson (1993). There is no single definition of SI but most authors agree on the idea that innovation is an evolutionary process and that firms do not normally innovate in isolation but in interaction with other organisations within the framework of institutional rules that constitute incentives or obstacles for innovation. These other organisations may be universities, schools, other firms and government ministries. Such organisations and institutions are components of systems for the creation and commercialisation of knowledge. The innovative performance of a country depends on how these actors relate to each other as elements of a collective system of knowledge creation and use as well as the technologies they use. The concept was mainly used as "National System of Innovation" but was later applied to regions and sectors.
References
Fagerberg J., Mowery D.C., Nelson R. (2005) "The Oxford handbook of innovation", Oxford University Press, NY, USA.
OECD (1997) "National systems of innovation".
Add a comment
Comments on this article